Vertical-axis turbines

Rotor and blades — blades rotate around a vertical shaft; common designs include Darrieus (curved blades) and Savonius (scoop-shaped blades).

Generator and gearbox — often located at the base for easier maintenance.

Support structure — compact tower or frame that holds the rotor assembly.

Control system — manages speed, braking, and power output.

Advantages — omnidirectional wind capture, low noise, easier installation, and reduced maintenance.